See also, Cartographic Treasures of the Newberry Library, OctoJanuexhibition catalogue). He is perhaps best known in cartographic circles as the publisher of a 12 sheet Nova Totius Terrarum Orbis Tabula (known in 3 examples), issued in about 1680, which is based upon Frederick De Wit's World Map of 1660 (Shirley 471. Gioseppe (Giuseppe) Longhi was an engraver in Bologna, who was active between 16. On December 25, 1683, Kara Mustafa Pasha was executed in Belgrade by order of the commander of the Janissaries. Austria signed a peace treaty with the Ottoman Empire in 1697. The victory at Vienna set the stage for Prince Eugene of Savoy's re-conquering of Hungary and (temporarily) some of the Balkan countries within the following years. Additional troops from Saxony, Bavaria, Baden, Franconia and Swabia answered the call for a Holy League that was supported by Pope Innocent XI.Īfter 2 days of battle, the combined European forces were able to repel the Ottomans and their Wallachian, Moldovian and Romanian allies. 1683, the Poles under Jan III Sobieski crossed the Danube 20 miles north west of Vienna at Tulln, uniting there with the Imperial forces led by Charles V, Duke of Lorraine. In August 1683, the Polish relief forces were deployed to Vienna. A force of about 15,000 was left in Vienna to defend against 40,000 Ottoman troops. On July 14, 1683, the Ottoman forces attacked the City. The Ottoman Troops reached Belgrade in May of 1683, before moving on toward Vienna, encamping 25 Miles east of Vienna on July 7, 1683. Over the next 9 months, King Leopold I was able to conclude a Treaty with John III Sobieski, King of Poland, which insured Polish support against the expected Ottoman attack on Vienna. The Ottoman's began mobilizing for battle in early 1682 and war was declared on August 6, 1682. Grand Viizier Kara Mustafa Pasha was able to convince Sultan Mehmet IV to move on Vienna. In 16, domestic unrest in the region provided the Ottoman's with the opportunity to attack. Following the defeat in 1529, the Ottoman's spent many years preparing for a second attack on the city. The capture of Vienna had long been an important strategic plan for the Ottoman Empire. These fortifications accounted for the major part of building activities well into the 17th century. A glacis was created around Vienna, a broad strip without any buildings, which allowed defenders to fire freely. The city was furnished with eleven bastions and surrounded by a moat. Following plans by Hermes Schallauzer, Vienna was expanded to a fortress in 1548. The siege had shown that new fortifications were needed. Protected by medieval walls, the city survived the Turkish attacks, until epidemics and an early winter forced the Turks to retreat. In 1529, the Ottoman Turks launched the First Turkish Siege of Vienna. Many of the most important details of the battle and the Turkish and European forces are depicted, including the encampment of Kara Mustafa, the location of various Turkish and Ottoman allied forces and the depiction of Vienna, its fortifications and the trenchworks dug by the Ottoman's in their assault on the City. The plan is a remarkable depiction of the decisive battle of the Siege on September 11 and 12, 1683, showing the entrenched Viennese within the City, surrounded by Turkish Ottoman and allied forces on 3 sides, with 3 divisions of Polish, Savoy and Bavarian Troops approaching in the top right of the image. The positions of the Ottoman and Christian forces are arrayed around the town, with a large key at the top right locating 17 strategic points of interest. In the foreground, an elaborate scene showing mounted Ottoman forces and the tent of the Grand Vizar, with a double eagle flag and artillery overlooking a chaotic battle scene. The map provides fine view of the Siege, focusing on troop locations, fortified walls and other military details. Rare separately issued plan / view of Vienna, published in Rome by Giacomo Rossi. African Islands, including Madagascar (66).
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